Airspace classes
Classes A to G describe the service and the rules, not the shape. Class A is IFR only; Class G is uncontrolled where the pilot takes separation responsibility. Know the VMC minima for the airspace you are actually in, and remember that entering controlled airspace needs a clearance, not just a radio call.
Right of way
Converging at a similar level: the aircraft with the other on its right gives way. Head-on: both alter heading to the right. Overtaking: pass on the right and keep clear. In the pecking order balloons, gliders and airships have priority over powered aeroplanes, and any aircraft in distress has priority over everything.
Levels and separation
The semicircular or quadrantal rule allocates cruising levels by magnetic track so opposing traffic is vertically separated. Low flying rules typically require 500 ft from any person, vessel, vehicle or structure, and 1,000 ft above congested areas — with the overriding requirement to be able to land clear in an engine failure.
Documents and currency
Certificate of airworthiness, registration, radio licence, insurance, weight and balance data, and the flight manual belong with the aircraft; licence, medical and recency belong with the pilot. Recency for carrying passengers commonly means three take-offs and landings in the preceding 90 days.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
- ▸Converging: give way to traffic on your right. Head-on: both turn right.
- ▸Class A is IFR only; Class G is uncontrolled.
- ▸Carrying passengers usually needs three take-offs and landings in 90 days.
Check-ride
Six questions from this module. Score 70% or better to have it signed off in your training record.